The State of Agricultural Commodity Markets: Key Messages

Report Theme: Agricultural Trade, Climate Change and Food Security

• The role of emerging economies in global agricultural markets has increased since 2000. Growing income per capita and reduced poverty boosted food consumption and imports, while increases in agricultural productivity led to growing exports. 
• Developing countries are increasingly participating in international markets. South–South agricultural trade has also expanded significantly. For Least Developed Countries, agricultural imports have grown faster than exports. 
• Climate change will affect world regions unevenly. It is already affecting vulnerable countries and will pose a major threat to their food security. 
• Agricultural trade can help in adapting to climate change and in ensuring food security. It can support adaptation efforts by stabilizing markets and reallocating food from surplus to deficit regions. 
• In principle, there is no fundamental conflict between climate change policies and multilateral trade rules. Various provisions of the WTO can accommodate the implementation of climate-related policies of the Paris Agreement. 

The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World: Key Messages

• New evidence continues to signal a rise in world hunger and a reversal of trends after a prolonged decline. In 2017 the number of undernourished people is estimated to have increased to 821 million – around one out of every nine people in the world. 
• While some progress continues to be made in reducing child stunting, levels still remain unacceptably high. Nearly 151 million children under five – or over 22 percent – are affected by stunting in 2017. 
• Wasting continues to affect over 50 million children under five in the world and these children are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, over 38 million children under five are overweight. 
• Adult obesity is worsening and more than one in eight adults in the world is obese, or more than 672 million. Undernutrition and overweight and obesity coexist in many countries. 
• Food insecurity contributes to undernutrition, as well as overweight and obesity, and high rates of these forms of malnutrition coexist in many countries. The higher cost of nutritious foods, the stress of living with food insecurity and physiological adaptations to food restriction help explain why food insecure families may have a higher risk of overweight and obesity. 

د ۲۰۱۸ کال د خوړو او کرنې د وضعیت د راپور لس غوره پیغامونه

د خوړو او کرنې د وضعیت د تیر کال (۲۰۱۸) راپور په کډوالي، کرنه او کلیوالي‌ پراختیا باندې لیکل شوی. ددې راپور لس غوره پیغامونه مې ستاسو درنو لوستونکو لپاره پښتو ته وژباړل. هیله لرم چې په لوستلو سره به یی پدې برخه کې خپل معلومات تازه کړی. که غواړی بشپړ راپور ولولی، ددې لیکنې په پای کې له ذکر شوي اخځ څخه ګټه واخلي. 

1.     له ننګونو سره سره، کډوالي د اقتصادي، ټولنیزې او انساني پراختیا برخه، او د هیوادونه په منځ کې او ترمنځ نابرابریو د راټیټول وسیله ده. 

2.     هیوادونه به د پراختیا په بیلابیلو پړاونو کې د نړیوالې کډوالۍ سرچینې، ترانزیتي لارې یا آخرني مقصدونه وي، او ځینې وختونه کیدای شي‌ ددې دریو اجزاؤ څخه یو ترکیبی شکل غوره کړي. 

3.     په نړیواله کچه، نړیوال مهاجرت د کورنۍ کډوالۍ (بیځایه کیدنې) په پرتله ډیر کم دی. په پرمختیایی هیوادونو کې له یو بیلیون څخه ډیرو وګړو په کور د ننه له یو ځای څخه بل ځای ته  کډه کړیده.

4.     د نړیوالو او کورنیو کډوالیو د لړۍ ځینې لاملونه له یوبل سره ورته دي او یو واحد سیستم رامنځ ته کوي. د بیلګې په توګه، په ټیټ‌ عاید لرونکو هیوادونو کې کورني کډوال د هغه کسانو په پرتله چې کډه شوي ندي، پنځه ځله زیات ددې غوښتنه لري چې نورو هیوادونو ته کډوال شي.