The drivers of food insecurity are dynamic, complex and context oriented. Afghanistan is exposed to a wide range of triggers of food insecurity, and comprehensive actions across different sectors are required to address this pervasive development issue. Food insecurity is not merely concerned about food, it requires access to, inter alia, drinking water, sanitation, hygiene and education. The purpose of this study is to understand the prevalence of food insecurity and undernourishment; and analyze major macro-level drivers of food insecurity in the country.
Prevalence of undernourishment, and moderate and severe food insecurity increased by about 10% and 35% during 2014–2022, respectively. Although food insecurity is more prevalent in rural areas, undernourishment is higher among urban households. This is supported by the changing pattern of absolute poverty in detriment of urban households in the recent years. The upward trends of undernourishment and food insecurity imply increasing vulnerability of Afghan households and disequilibrium between severity of the problem and extent of response by different stakeholders including the government. An analysis of factors affecting the four pillars of food insecurity revealed its major macro drivers in the country. Population growth, agricultural productivity, absolute poverty, climate change and natural disasters, and price volatility are among the major drivers of food insecurity analyzed in this study.
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